Carl L. Nelson: The Interrogator (1910–2007)

During the 1940s–1970s, Carl Nelson was an imposing figure, literally and figuratively, in American academic accounting. With high expectations for his students, he taught several generations of accountants, practitioners, and professors. He made accounting exciting and provocative by encouraging his students to critique GAAP, to explore alternatives to conventional accounting wisdom, and to search for substance in transactions regardless of form. He urged his students to question every thing, regardless of who said or wrote it. As a classroom professor and a reviewer of academic works, he was at times a harsh critic. As an advisor to students, he was generally helpful, if not gracious. Carl Nelson was most assuredly a rare breed in accounting academe. This paper examines his controversial teaching approach and considers his legacy.     

A partial internal model for longevity risk

This paper proposes a simple partial internal model for longevity risk within the Solvency 2 framework. The model is closely linked to the mechanisms associated with the so-called Danish longevity benchmark, where the underlying mortality intensity and the trend is estimated yearly based on mortality experience from the Danish life and pension insurance sector, and on current data from the entire Danish population. Within this model, we derive an estimate for the 99.5% percentile for longevity risk, which differs from the longevity stress of 20% from the standard model. The new stress explicitly reflects the risk associated with unexpected changes in the underlying population mortality intensity on a one-year horizon and with a 99.5% confidence level. In addition, the model contains a component, which quantifies the unsystematic longevity risk associated with a given insurance portfolio. This last component depends on the size of the specific portfolio.     

西安市主导产业选择的研究——基于西安市2007年投入产出表

主导产业能够对经济发展和产业结构的调整起到引导和带动作用。本文依据西安市2007年投入产业表,加工计算出影响力系数和感应度系数,并确定出西安市的主导产业。     

管理的实质在于创新

资源的稀缺性与需求的无限性,是当今世界的一大难题,管理创新就是指创造一种新的更有效的资源配置与整合范式,达到资源的有效利用和倍增,这种创新在国家创新体系中处于综合统筹指导协调的地位。无论是制度创新、技术创新、产品创新、市场创新、知识创新,还是企业创新,其成功与否最终都取决于组织结构和管理活动的协调发展,所以管理创新是所有创新的基础和保证。     

税法基本原则在反避税法中的体现

避税活动具有极其严重的危害性.为规制避税,必须加强反避税法建设.而反避税法作为税法体系重要组成部分,必然要体现税法的基本原则.它主要是税收法定原则、实质课税原则、税收公正原则和税收效率原则.     

Shibor与金融机构产品定价

Shibor自2007年初正式发布以来，在市场各方参与主体的大力推进下，其在货币市场的基准利率地位已经逐渐被市场所认可，在金融市场的产品定价中也得到了日益广泛的运用。Shibor的进一步发展，需要金融机构不断深化对Shibor重要意义的认识，也需要不断完善Shibor报价的形成机制，各方参与主体部应在Shibor建设中积极发挥自身的作用。     

以Shibor为基准强化金融产品利率市场化

该文分析认为市场化基准利率的缺失已成为利率市场化产品定价的主要困难之一,认为将Shibor建成我国市场化的基准利率体系是人民币利率市场化必由之路,同时将大幅完善产品的市场化定价机制;而通过建立以Shibor为基础的内部资金转移定价体系,可将市场信号传导至业务端,在现行条件下能使管制利率下的存贷款利率部分实现与市场化利率的接轨。     

Working with risky consumers: multi‐professional care for substance‐using pregnant women

Substance use is increasingly common in many countries. Consumption and lifestyles associated with consumption often involve a number of specific health and legal risks for users. For pregnant women, the risks extend to the health and care of their unborn children. A multi‐professional approach to the management of substance use in pregnancy is recommended as best practice but, as with all strategies, effectiveness depends on the way that professional workers implement policy. This study evaluated evidence of multi‐professional working within local maternity services in and around a Scottish city by (a) collating and analysing data from the maternity records of 163 substance‐using women, who delivered between January 2001 and December 2003; and (b) conducting a questionnaire survey in 2004 with 120 midwives and neonatal nurses for their views on maternity care for substance‐using women and their babies. Despite the importance placed on multi‐professional working by midwives and neonatal nurses, maternity records indicated operational inconsistencies with implementation in some cases and not in others. Policy was not yet to be seen embedded in everyday practice.     

Levels of significance in event studies

Standard event-study methods compare the returns in the window with forecasted values based on a benchmark period. These methods fail to account for the fact that errors in parameter estimates in the benchmark period give serially correlated errors in the window's abnormal returns. This is true both of mean-adjusted returns and market-model adjusted returns. This oversight leads to overstatement of significance levels, the degree of overstatement varying positively with the ratio of periods in the window to periods in the benchmark period. Sometimes the overstatement is minimal, but it can be substantial if the window is large relative to the benchmark period.     

Study on Knowledge Increase Mechanism and Original Substance from the Viewpoint of Biological Fermentation

The internal mechanism of organizational learning and knowledge increase is very similar to the mechanism of biotic ferment, so we creatively use Knowledge Convening ＆ Fermenting Model （KCFM） to explain the origination and mechanism of knowledge increase, espec）ally clarifying that the original substance is the key factor to cause organizational learning and knowledge innovation, We also thoroughly analyze the helix process for knowledge bacterial strain to impel knowledge increase.